Dynamo-electric machine



July lo; 1923.

` A. H. NEULAND m'rmxoV ELECTRIC MACHINE 3W INVENTOR av ATTORNEY strength with increasing loads.

Patented July 10, 1923.

ALFONS H. NEULAND, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

invitano-ELECTRIC MACHINE Applicatie-n1 led. August 24, 1920. Serial No. 405,577.

To all 'wom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, ALroNs H. Namaste, a citizen of Russia, residing at Jersey City, in the'county of Hudson and State of New ersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynaino-Electric Machines, of which the following is a full: clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to electro-magnetic power transmissions and is particularly adapted for use in connection with internal combustion engines; as in automobiles, rail- 'way cars and hoists, and wherever it is dcsired to change the constant speed ot' a prime mover into a variable or adjustable speed.

One object of my invention is to provide for a transmission of light weight and high power. Another object is to provide for a, simple control and unitary construction. Another object is to provide for electric braking of the driven vehicle or apparatus. Still another object is to provide such an apparatus with stationary brushes only and one which is capa-ble of charging a 'battery and of cranking or starting the prime mover. Another object is to provide for a special reversing gear to operate in connection with such a transmission. Still other objects and advantages of my invention will ap ear from the following description:

electrical transmissions as at present applied to automobiles, their speed and torque are varied by a change in the eld strength. When weakening the lield, it is known that the current, for a given torque is increased in inverse proportion. These heavy currents render commutation difficult and make for inefficiency or else necessitate an increase in size and Weight of the mu.- chine.

I seek to overcome these difficulties in my present invention by maintaining,y a powerful field and increasin,f ,1r the field IThis insures a comparatively light current even when the machine carries heavy loads and permits an economic construction of light weight. Furthermore, my present invention permits the use of low voltage which is of importance in securingr goed commutation and a light weight controller.

Speed and torque changes are obtained by what is virtually a two part armature; one part `arranged rotatably and the other stationary and so that the currents in both are in phase with each other. The stationary part of the amature is so arranged that a portionv or all may be cutout of the circuit. The rotatably arranged field element is acted on, depending upon the controller position, by the sum of the currents in the stationary and rotatable armatures, by their diierence, when the former is reversed. or by the current in the rotatable armature alone.

This regulation and operation is brought about by the use of stationary brushes only and is made possible by the special com mutatingr arrangement and the series re1ation between the eld and the two armature windings as well as by the special construction of the rotatinr armature and the arrangement of the e ements with respect to each other so that they are acted on and traversed by a common magnetic flux.

My invention also comprehends various features of mechanical construction, details and arrangement of parts, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

I shall now describe the illustrated embodiment of my invention and shall thereafter point out my invention in claims.

Fig. l is a partial longitudinal Section and a partial side elevation of a complete transmission embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a segment of a transverse section, showing the magnetic structureand particularly the shape of the rotatable armature laminations. 1

Fig. 3 is a diagram of the electric circuits including the controller contacts by means of which the connections Aare changed.

Fig. 4, xf yf 7., are diagrams showing the change in connections when thecontroller is in the cranlcinU position.

Fig. 5 af bf "'c,7 is a representation of the relative strength, position and direction of the currents in the respective elements with the controller in the several positions.

The transmission which I have selected for illustration in the drawings is adapted to automobiles propelled by an internal combustion engine l, in that the driving or primary armature 2, serves as the fly wheel, and is rigidly connected to the crank shaft 3. The secondary or driven field element 4 is connected to the propeller shaft 5 which is supported at one'end byan extension of shaft is supported near its other end by the bearing 8, which, in turn, is mounted in a bearseat of the stationary bracket 9; the brac et being secured to the housing 10, which carries the stationary armature element 11 consisting of a laminated ring provided on its inner Aface with slots 12, and in which is embedded the distributed windin 13.

The eld element is Vprovided with eight grille ieces 14, each carrying a field coil 15, e eid element is in inductive relation to each of the armature windings while the armatures cooperate with each other in their action on the field element. It will be particularly noted and it is of im ortance that the field is inductively, relate to the stationary armature, although the rotating armature separates one from the other. The

ial construction of the armature lamina.- tions provides for this relation in that it is built u ofsectors 16 with the spaces 17 between Substantially all the flux from the field is in this way directed radially through the rotatable armature and reaches vand cuts the stationary armature winding.

These spaces between the sectors also serve as coil receiv' slots and the coils are preferably errang on the outer circumference of the rotating amature. The sectors 16 are provided with a hole at the inner face fitting over the metal rods 18, the rods being securetl7 pressed into armature spider 6, and the o ier end of the rods being forced into and insulated from the ring 19. The rotatable armature winding 20 is arranged in thc slots 1T and connected to the commu tator 2l. Stationary polyphase brushes 22, preferably three phase, are secured to the engine casing and wipe the commutator 21. A commutator 23 is also provided for the field; it is attached to and rotates with the field element. This commutator is of special construction and has one and preferably wide segment 24 per pole, as shown in the diagram of Figure 3, in which, for the sake of simplicity, the commutator is shown as for a two pole machine. Between each two of the wide segment-s are a plurality of narrow segments 25, and a suitable resistance separates the adjacent segments. This field commutator is wiped by stationary polyhase (preferably three phase) brushes 26. onnecting thc adjacent segments of the field commutator are resistances, trl-rose nearest to the wide segments being low and those farthest away from them being high. and the two ends of the field winding are connected to the wide segments. Due to the fact that the combined resistances which bridge the wide segments and also shunt the field windings are much higher than the resistance of the field winding, substantially all the current at the brushes 26 transverses the field winding. In this way the field winding is in series relation to the stationary and rotatable armature windings.

Referring,r to Fig. 3 with the ,controller drum C in the off position all circuits are open, serving to interrupt the flow of power from the engine to the rear wheels The field winding, in this position of the controller, is short circuited by the short cirn cuiting contacter S, which also serves to avoid or minimize sparkin at the controller contacts as it is moved rom one ste to the other. This is accomplished by (Rirst short circuiting the field winding, then opening the power circuits; a further movement makes the connections for the new ste and then opens the field short circuit and thereby instantly permits the machine to pick up with the newly established connections.

Wit-h the controller on low or first speed the connections are such that the entire stationary armature winding is in circuit, the

corresponding current strengths and re-l lntions being indicated in Figure 5". This is the position for highest speed reduction and greatest torque the sum of the stationary and rotary armature currents acting upon the field. With turns in series on the stationary armature double that on the rotary armature, the tongue on the driven field will he substantial y triple that applied by the driving armature.

' With the controller on second, only a fraction of the stationary arma-ture is in eluded in the circuit.. Fig. 5" is the corres onding representation and shows the re uced torque upon the field element in that the sum of the two armature forces has been decreased. By cutting out a portion of the stationary armature winding the counter potential, resulting from a rotation of the field with respect to it, is decreased and the speed of the field element is correspondin ly increased.

Next t e controller is moved to direct in which position the stationary armature winding is entirely cut out, as indicated in Fig. 5. The rotating armature winding is now directly, and in series relation. connected to thc field winding through the two commutatore and the two sets of stationary polyphase brushes. The device now operaies virtually as n clutch since both the field element and the armature. are rotating at nearly the same spoed. and rrquiring only a small Slip to 'force the load current through the circuit. lt will be noted that unlilre the well lmown D. C. clutch the lllll brushes here are stationary, and unlike the type of clutch or motor generator having Stationary D. C. brushes, a stationary fiel and a high potential at the brushes, the potential in-this clutch of my invention is low, resultin in good commutation and a wide Ue o regulation.

%e fourth step and high is considered of rtance n-that it permits the driven field ement to operate at a greater speed than' the engine or driving armature. A considerable economy in engine fuel is obtained by thus operati the engine near full load and at low ee As shown by Fi re 3 and Figure d, a portion of the stationary armature winding and the current therein, although in phase with, is reversed against they current in the rotating armature, the difference betweenthe two currents re resenting a decreased torque upon the eld element.y The rotation of the field element, however, against the reversed winding generates apotential which maintains a current in the circuit at zero slip between field element and rotating armature and causes the field element to turn faster than the armature.

Provision is made for electric braking. There are two brake positions in the controller shown in Figure 3. The first and nearest to the o position includes a. portion of the'stationary armature winding and is connected to the field brushes in reverse direction or the same as for high operation,the brushes 22 on the rotating armature being disconnected. The brake connection also includes the resistances 27, the device now operating as a generator and the energy represented by the momentum of the moving parts being consumed by the said resistance. The rotating armature, although separating the two generating elements in this instance, does not prevent this function due to the special construction employed.

In the second brake position the entire stationary armature winding is included in the circuit and produces an increased braking action.

Fig. 4x shows the normal relation of the stationary to that of the rotating armature winding. When the controller is moved to the position for cranking theengine I arrance the stationary and rotating armature winiings, which are used for cranking purposes. as shown in Fig'. 4. Only two of the amature brushes are used while all the stationary armature windings are employed. The arrangement and connection of the circuits in this way is important and enables the use of a moderate size battery to roduce the necessary cranking torque. In ig` 4Z, an alternate scheme of connections is shown diiering from the first in that the station ary winding has multiple relation to the armature.

Arrangement is made for charging the battery 28 which is connected across the field 15 through the slip rings 29 and 30 and closed by means of the automatic switch 31 when the current in the field windinreaches n certain predetermined strength an the voltage drop across the field winding reaches a value approximatin that of the battery. The series windin g2 on the switch, besides preventing a discharge of battery through the field when the charging potential is low, opens the battery circuit and prevents a flow of battery current through the short circuit contacter S, when the latter acts to short circuit the field winding during changes of the controller.

The resistance 33 permits a How of batterv current through the field when the controller is moved to the braking positions and insures an instantaneous pick up in the brakin action.

n some instances it may be preferred to drive the field element; the rotating armature serving as the driven or secondary element. In such event, however, it is not practical to obtain a torque on the driven in excess of the driving element. The direct drive as shown by c of Fig. 5 will produce the greatest torque and lowest speed, that is, practically a 1 to 1 ratio of torque and s eed, the inclusion ofv the stationary win s thus serving to increase the speed to double, triple or more above the driver or field element with a corresponding diminution in the driven torque. This is because the driving field element exerts a torque on the rotating and also a torque on the stationary armature winding, generating therein a potential which serves to drive the armature at a speed exceeding that of the driving field element, so that with as many turns on the stationary armature as on the rotating armature the latter will rotate at about twice the speed of the field.

The shaft 5 extends beyond the transmission bearing 8 and is splined to receive the sliding bevel gear 34, engaging. when in position for reverse, the idler gear 35 causing the stub shaft 36 to rotate in reverse direction. When the lever 37 is brought to the right, the gear 34 is disengaged from the idler 35, and the clutch 38 connects the driven shaft 5 directly to the shaft 36 for forward rotation.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the construction shown in the drawings and above particularly described within the principle and scope of my invention.

I claim:

l. An electro-magnetic power transmission device comprising a stationary armature winding, a rotative armature includinsY a commutator and winding and a eld member including a commutator and a windlill commntator.

im,Y inductvely related to both armature windings, und means lfor connect1ng the thine windings in series, said means including a set oi vpolyplmse brushes for .each

2. A dynamo-electric machine comprising a rotative amature ncludinv a commutator and winding, a rotative d memberfinciulling a oommntator and winding and a set of polyphase brushes wiping each cmmutator.

3. A dynamo-electric machine comprising a rotatiye armature including a commutator and winding, a. rotative field membery including a commutator and winding in inductive relation to the armature winding, and means including a set o polyphase brushes for each commutntor arranged to connectthe two windings in series relation.

4. A. dynamo-electric machine including n rotative armature ncludinY n commutator nnd winding, a rotative field member including a commutator and winding in inductive relation to tbe armature winding, a set of polyphase brushes for each commutntor, and means for electrically connectin g the two sets of brushes.

5. A. dynamo-electric machine comprising a rotative amature including a commutetor and winding, a stationary armature including awinding, a rotative field member including a commutator and winding, and means including a set of polyphase brushes for-'each commutator arranged to connect Vthe three windings in series relation.

6.An electro-magnetic power transmission device comprising a. rotative armature includingP a. commutator and winding, a stationary armature including a, winding, a rotative field member including a commutator and having a Winding inductively related to both armature windings, and polyp'hase brushes \vi ing both commutators and arranged to be eetrically connected to the stationary armature winding.

'l'. An electro-magnetic power `transmission device comprising a rotative amature including a ccmmutator and winding. a stationary armature including a winding, n rotative field member including a commutatorand having a winding inductively related to both mznature windings, polyphasc brushes wiping both commutatore; and nrrangefl to be electrically connected to the stutonar) armature winding, and a controller arranged to vary the turns in series in the stationary armature winding.

S. An electro-magnetic power transmis sion device comprising n polyphasc stationY :i1- v nlmutuz'c winding. n rotative armature including n commututor und winding, a .'otntive field member including n commntator :and hn'rn'f :i winding; iaxrlu-:tL-rctr' rclntcrl to bnll armature windings, station-.ivy brushc` wiping thc :wmnturc commutntox' and arranged to be electrically connected to one end of the respective phases of the stetxonary armature winding,^and stationary brushes wiping the Afield commutatorand arranged to be electrically connected to the other end oi the respective phases ofthe stationary armature winding. Y

9. An. electro-magnetic. power-transmission device comprising a polypliase stationary armature winding, a'rotativearmature includin a commutator and windings. rotative fie d member including a commutator and having a winding ,inductively related to both armature windings, stationary brushes wiping the amature commutator and arranged tobe electricall connected to one end of the' respectivep asesof the stationaryl armaturevwinding, stationary brushes wiping the field commutatorland arranged to be electricallyfconnected toatlle other end of the respective phesloicthe stationary armature.- winding, and o. conjtroller arranged to vary the turns in series in the stationaryarmature winding. l

10. An electro-magnetic power gtransmi'ssion device comprising-aY stationary arma,- ture winding, a rotative armature winding and a rotative field member including a` winding inductively relatedto both .armature windings, means'ior connecting lthe three windings in series comprising tvvoV lsets of polyphase-brushes. making electrical connection between the stationary and rotative armature `windings-and between the sta.- tionary armature and eld. windings, and means for reversing'a part of thestationary amature winding. 'Y

11. An' electro-magnetic vpower transmission device comprising a rotative .amature including a commutator andwindinv, a sta- 105 tionary armetureincluding n vvin g, a rotative lield member includin a commutator andhaving a windin in actively. related to both armaturewin gs, -polyphase brushes wiping both commutators andnr- -110 ranged to be electrically connect/ed to-the stationary armature winding, a controller arranged to vary the turns in series in the stationary armature winding, 'and means for reversing a part of the stationary ar'ma- 115 ture winding. A

22. An electro-magnetic power transmission device comprising e polyphase stationary armatnre winding, a rotative amature including a coxnmutntor and winding, n r0- 120 tative field member, including` u commutator and having a winding inductively related to both armature windings, stationary brushes, wiping thc armature oommutator and' nr- :ringed tr: be electrically connected t0 one 125 crisi of the '.'espectie phases o the stationary armature winding, stationary brushes wiping the Gold coxmnntator and arranged to ln, electrically connected to the other end -i'r' thc respective phases of the stationary 130 neel ,542

'win

contro pt-Qf 'the stationary armature winding.

13. A. d machine comprisiga rotativefield member includino a field winding and a commutator connected theretoa, stationary armature including a winding siirlouixdingand'spaced from. the eld member, and a rotative armature disposed n'the ace between the stationaryr amature and lidi?! member and having a plurality of circumferentiall spaced laminated magnetic sectors an a drum winding disposed between the sectors and inclu a commutator connected to the drum winding, and means for electrically connecting the stationary amature winding to the two commutators.

14;. A dynamo-electric machine compris- 'ing a rotative eld member, a stationary armature including a winding surrounding and spaced from the field member, and a rotative armature disposed in the space between the stationary armature and field member and ha a plurality of circumferenta'ally spacevdnaminated sectors and a. drum winding disposed-between the sectors, whercb both armature windings are cut by the field flux, and means for connecting the three windings in series including a commutator for each rotative member and a. set of stationary brushes for each commutator.

15. A. dynamo-electric machine comprisa rotative field member, a stationary amature including a winding surrounding and spaced from the field member, and a rotative armature disposed in the space between the stationary armature and field member and hav' a plurality of circumferentially spaced aminated sectors and a drum winding disposed between the sectors, whereby both armature wind` are cut by the lield ux, means for connecting the three 0s in series including a commutator for ea rotative member and a set of stationarylbrushes for each cominutator, and a er arranged to vary the turns in series in the stationary armature winding.

16. A dynamo-electric machine comprising a rotative ield member, a stationary armature including a windin surrounding and spaced from the lield mem r, and a ro tative amature disposed in the space between the stationary armature and field member and havin a plurality of circumferentially spaced amin'ated sectors and a drum winding disposed vbetween the sectors, whereby both armature windings are cut by the field flux, means for connecting the three windings in Series including a commutator for each rotative member and a set of stationary brushes for cach commutator, a. controller arranged to vary the turns in series in the stationary armature winding, and means for reverslng a part of the stationary armature winding.

i?. An :electro-magnetic power transmission device comprising a rotative amature including a commutator and winding, a stationary armature including a winding-7 a rotative field member includ' a commutator and having a winding inductive! related to both armature windings, a set ogstationary brushes wipunr each commutator, both sets being armnge to be electrically connected to the stntionarv armature win i a contrailer arrnng to vary the turns n1 series in the stationary armature winding, and means for short circuitino the field winding when shifting the controller from one operative posit-ion to another.

18. An electro-magnetic power transmission device comprising a rotative armature including a commutator und winding, a stationary armature including?r a. winding, a rotative ield member including a commutator and having a winding inductivelv related to both armature windings, a set of stationary brushes wipinoeach commutator, both sets beinei arranged to be elcctricallv connected to the station armature winding, a controller arrange to vary the turns 1n series in the stationary armature winding, meansfor short circuiting theiicld winding when shifting the controller from one operative position to another, a Storace battery adapted to be connected across ille field winding for charging` and automatic means for iirterrupting the charging circuit when the field Winding is short circuited.

19. A dynamo electric machine comprising a stationary armature winding, a rotative field member including a field winding and a commutator connected thereto, polyphaso brushes wiping said commutator and adapted to connect the two windings in series reiation, und controlling means operative to reverse one winding with respect to the other and thereby establish braking relation between the windinas.

9.0. An electro-magnetic power transmission device comprisnig a stationary :irmaturc windino', a rotative armature winding und n rotative field member including u winding;r inductively related to both :irmature windings, means for connecting the three windings in series including a commutator for euch rotation winding and a set of stationary brushes for each commutatormnd braking menus including a resistance and a controller operative to revelse a part of the stationary armature winding and simultaneously to include the resistance in the circuit and exclude the rotative armature winding: from the circuit. I

21. An electro-magnetic power transmission device comprising a rotative armature including a commutator :1nd '.iindingr` a stationary armature including a winding, a r0- tative field member includinpr a commutator and having a winding inductrcly related lll) to both armature windings, a. set of stationary brushes wiping each commutator, both sets boing arranged to be electrically oonnecbed to the stationary armature winding, and braking means including a resistance and a controller operative to reverse a part of the stationary armature winding and si- Winding from the circuit.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my signature.

ALFONS H. NEULAND. 

